Method in C#

                                                                                                                                            Previous....
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Method are also called as functions.Method are extremely useful because we write logic once and it is used at many places. A method is a group of statement that together perform a task.Every C# program has at lest one class with a method named main.

Syntax of Method

[Attributes]                                                             <Access Specifier> <Return Type> <Method Name>(Parameter)
{
   Method Body
}

1. Access Specifier: Access Specifiers defines the scope of a class member. A class member can be variable or function. In C# there are five types of access specifiers are available. We will talk about Access specifier in letter video session.
2. Return type: A method may return a value. The return type is the data type of the value the method returns. If the method is not returning any values, then the return type is void.
3. Method name: Method name is a unique identifier and it is case sensitive. 
4. Parameter: Enclosed between parentheses, the parameters are used to pass and receive data from a method. .
5. Method body: This contains the set of instructions needed to complete the required activity.

Example 

public class SimpleMath
{
public static int Add(int x, int y)
{
return x + y;
}
public static int Multiply(int x, int y)
{
return x * y;
}
}

Here is the test program:

// TestSimpleMath.cs

using System;

public class TestSimpleMath
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int sum = SimpleMath.Add(5, 7);
int product = SimpleMath.Multiply(5, 7);
Console.WriteLine("sum = {0}", sum);
Console.WriteLine("product = {0}", product);
}
}

O/p

sum = 12
product = 35

                                                                                                                                            Previous....

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Next....

Foreach loop in C#

A foreach loop works on each object in a collection, and provides that object as the appropriate type within the loop syntax:

 foreach (string in array) 
 {

 }

Example For an Foreach Loop :-

using System;
namespace foreach
{
  class Program
   {
     static void Main(string[] args)
      {
        string[] arr = new string[4]; // declaring array

        
        arr[0] = "Munesh";
        arr[1] = "jhon";
        arr[2] = "dom";
        arr[3] = "roy";
       

        //retrieving value using foreach loop
        foreach (string name in arr)
         {
           Console.WriteLine("Hi " + name);
         }
        Console.ReadLine();
      }
   }
}

OUTPUT
Hello Munesh
Hello Jhon
Hello Dom
Hello roy

Complex Queries in SQL

                                                                                                                                                                                           Previous......

                                                                                                                                                                                                              

These questions are the most frequently asked in interviews.

1. To fetch ALTERNATE records from a table. (EVEN NUMBERED)select * from emp where rowid in (select decode(mod(rownum,2),0,rowid, null) from emp);
2. To select ALTERNATE records from a table. (ODD NUMBERED)select * from emp where rowid in (select decode(mod(rownum,2),0,null ,rowid) from emp);
3. Find the 3rd MAX salary in the emp table.select distinct sal from emp e1 where 3 = (select count(distinct sal) from emp e2 where e1.sal <= e2.sal);
4. Find the 3rd MIN salary in the emp table.select distinct sal from emp e1 where 3 = (select count(distinct sal) from emp e2where e1.sal >= e2.sal);
5. Select FIRST n records from a table.select * from emp where rownum <= &n;
6. Select LAST n records from a tableselect * from emp minus select * from emp where rownum <= (select count(*) - &n from emp);
7. List dept no., Dept name for all the departments in which there are no employees in the department.select * from dept where deptno not in (select deptno from emp);  
   alternate solution:  select * from dept a where not exists (select * from emp b where a.deptno = b.deptno);
   altertnate solution:  select empno,ename,b.deptno,dname from emp a, dept b where a.deptno(+) = b.deptno and empno is null;
8. How to get 3 Max salaries ?select distinct sal from emp a where 3 >= (select count(distinct sal) from emp b where a.sal <= b.sal) order by a.sal desc;
9. How to get 3 Min salaries ?select distinct sal from emp a  where 3 >= (select count(distinct sal) from emp b  where a.sal >= b.sal);
10. How to get nth max salaries ?
    select distinct hiredate from emp a where &n =  (select count(distinct sal) from emp b where a.sal >= b.sal);
11. Select DISTINCT RECORDS from emp table.select * from emp a where  rowid = (select max(rowid) from emp b where  a.empno=b.empno);
12. How to delete duplicate rows in a table?delete from emp a where rowid != (select max(rowid) from emp b where  a.empno=b.empno);
13. Count of number of employees in  department  wise.select count(EMPNO), b.deptno, dname from emp a, dept b  where a.deptno(+)=b.deptno  group by b.deptno,dname;
14.  Suppose there is annual salary information provided by emp table. How to fetch monthly salary of each and every employee?
    select ename,sal/12 as monthlysal from emp;
15. Select all record from emp table where deptno =10 or 40.
    select * from emp where deptno=30 or deptno=10;
16. Select all record from emp table where deptno=30 and sal>1500.
    select * from emp where deptno=30 and sal>1500;
17. Select  all record  from emp where job not in SALESMAN  or CLERK.
    select * from emp where job not in ('SALESMAN','CLERK');
18. Select all record from emp where ename in 'BLAKE','SCOTT','KING'and'FORD'.
    select * from emp where ename in('JONES','BLAKE','SCOTT','KING','FORD');
19. Select all records where ename starts with ‘S’ and its lenth is 6 char.
    select * from emp where ename like'S____';
20. Select all records where ename may be any no of  character but it should end with ‘R’.
    select * from emp where ename like'%R';
21. Count  MGR and their salary in emp table.
    select count(MGR),count(sal) from emp;
22. In emp table add comm+sal as total sal  .
    select ename,(sal+nvl(comm,0)) as totalsal from emp;
23. Select  any salary <3000 from emp table. 
    select * from emp  where sal> any(select sal from emp where sal<3000);
24. Select  all salary <3000 from emp table. 
    select * from emp  where sal> all(select sal from emp where sal<3000);
25. Select all the employee  group by deptno and sal in descending order.
    select ename,deptno,sal from emp order by deptno,sal desc;
26. How can I create an empty table emp1 with same structure as emp?
    Create table emp1 as select * from emp where 1=2;
27. How to retrive record where sal between 1000 to 2000?
    Select * from emp where sal>=1000 And  sal<2000
28. Select all records where dept no of both emp and dept table matches.
    select * from emp where exists(select * from dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno)
29. If there are two tables emp1 and emp2, and both have common record. How can I fetch all the recods but common records only once?
    (Select * from emp) Union (Select * from emp1)
30. How to fetch only common records from two tables emp and emp1?
    (Select * from emp) Intersect (Select * from emp1)
31.  How can I retrive all records of emp1 those should not present in emp2?
    (Select * from emp) Minus (Select * from emp1)
32. Count the totalsa  deptno wise where more than 2 employees exist.
    SELECT  deptno, sum(sal) As totalsal
    FROM emp
    GROUP BY deptno
    HAVING COUNT(empno) > 2

                                                                                                                                                 Previous......

Continue Statement in C#

The continue statement in C# works somewhat like the break statement. Instead of forcing termination, however, continue forces the next iteration of the loop to take place, skipping any code in between.

For the for loop, continue statement causes the conditional test and increment portions of the loop to execute. For the while and do...while loops, continue statement causes the program control passes to the conditional tests.

Syntax:

The syntax for a continue statement in C# is as follows:

continue;

Flow Diagram:

Example:

using System;
 
namespace Continue_Statement
{
  class Program
   {
     static void Main(string[] args)
      {
        int i = 0; 
        while(i<10)
         {
           i++;
           if (i < 6)
            {
              continue;
            }    
           Console.WriteLine(i);
         }           
        Console.Read();
      }
   }
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

O/P :6 7 8 9 10